29. Explain the process of phototransduction.

light opsin metarhodopsin G-Protein transducin photodiesterase cGMP kations (calcium and sodium) entering the photoreceptor cells (back to GMP) opening CNG channels (in the dark cGMP leaves them open for longer) depolarization of photoreceptor cell
glutamate depol. on-bipolar, hyperpol. off-bipolar
light 11-cis trans-retinal (starting process)