Parkinson's disease

Which defect is thought to cause Parkinson? Explain the malfunction on the basis of the basal ganglia circuit.

Substantia Nigra is damaged and at or lower than 50-60% dopamine release Parkinson Disease’s symptomes kick in. This is due to the missing dopamine in the basal ganglia circuit. Less Dopamine leads to a decreased activation of the direct pathway and an increased activation of the indirect pathway.
This leads to a tonic inhibition of Thalamus and cortex

3 Symptoms of Parkinson

• involuntary movements of extremities
• Tremor
• Rigidity and Gait Disorders
• Late Stage Disabilities
• Bradykinesia
  • difficulty in performing simple manual functions (may be initial symptoms)
    Other symptoms include:
• Seborrheic dermatitic
• Hyposmia
• Sleep disturbances
• Autonomic dysfunction
• Dysphagia
• Major Depression and anxiety
• Hallucinations
• Cognitive dysfunction
• Dementia

Treatment

• treatment with L-DOPA, a precursor of dopamine. It is converted into Dopamine in the brain, temporarily decreasing motor symptoms
  • boosts dopamine levels to normal in parkinsonian parts, but above level in other brain areas
  • could lead to dyskinesia (unwanted motor symptoms)

• DBS

  Alternatives for advanced Parkinson’s disease are surgical and DBS (Deep Brain Stimulation) treatment.
  Surgical treatment consists in lesions of the Subthalamic nucleus (STN) or Globus Pallidus Internus (GPi).
  DBS is delivered in the Subthalamic nucleus (STN), likely producing transient inhibition of the nucleus! Thus, DBS is a big misnomer. Therapeutical effects are nevertheless likely through a more complex, not yet understood, effect on establishing networks dynamics of the Deep Brain Stimulation

  Link zum Original

see also

Tags: neurobiology science
Superlink: 051 ☣Neurobiology 050 🧠Neuroscience
L-DOPA

Source

Created: 30-05-24 18:17