Glucocorticoids
Die Glucocorticoide werden von den Nebennieren ausgeschüttet.
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- **Glucocorticoids are steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal glands.
- They play a critical role in the body’s stress response by suppressing the formation of new lymphocytes, inhibiting the manufacturing of new antibodies, and disrupting communication among lymphocytes.
- Glucocorticoids suppress inflammation and the innate immune response.
- Their effects are more pronounced against T cells compared to B cells, indicating a greater disruption in cell-mediated immunity than in antibody-mediated immunity.
- Stress triggers the release of glucocorticoids, which can lead to the suppression of the immune system. This includes halting the formation of new lymphocytes in the thymus and making circulating lymphocytes less responsive.
- The hypothalamus and pituitary gland regulate the secretion of glucocorticoids through the release of CRH (Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone) and ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic Hormone), respectively.
- Glucocorticoids can kill lymphocytes, with a more significant impact during prolonged stress or high levels of these hormones, targeting older or less effective lymphocytes to sculpt the immune response.
- They are involved in a feedback mechanism where the immune system can signal the body to secrete hormones that ultimately suppress the immune system, especially during infections.
- Chronic activation of the immune system by glucocorticoids can lead to autoimmune diseases, as the body begins to mistake its own cells as invasive.
- Low levels of glucocorticoids can lead to flare-ups of autoimmune or inflammatory diseases, indicating their role in maintaining immune system balance.
- Glucocorticoids are part of the steroid hormone family, which includes androgens, estrogens, progestins, and mineralocorticoids, highlighting their broad impact on various physiological processes.
Sources:
Why Zebras Don’t Get Ulcers
see also
tags: neurobiology science
050 🧠Neuroscience
051 ☣Neurobiology
Stress-Response